Cooking On The Tug Boat Skagit Chief

Cooking On The Tug Boat Skagit Chief

The following is another story by Robert F. Knapp (1913-1994) of his years working on the The Skagit Chief tug boat towing logs on the Skagit River and Puget Sound in Washington State during the 1930-1950s. People mentioned include Captain Charles Elwell (captain and pilot of The Skagit Chief tug boat), Herby Camm (deck hand), and Joe Parker, owner of the tug towing company and the Skagit Chief.


Being a cook on a tug boat, is not quite as simple a job as most people might think. It was my job for close to three years. The only modern thing on the boat was the small toilet at the stern of the craft. It had to be flushed by dumping a bucket of water, drawn from the river. There was always an empty bucket standing near for that purpose. The lights were small six volt bulbs, lit from the power of the generators on the engines that ran the boat. A kerosene lamp was used most of the time as the only source of light at night.

The cook stove was small, but large enough for our purpose. It had a railing around the top to keep things from sliding off during rough navigation, a frequent event crossing the Puget Sound. The boat would roll from side to side far enough to spill things off the stove, making a mess.

Towing logs on the Skagit River and Puget Sound, photograph by Robert Knapp, used with permission from the Knapp FamilyWe tended to travel up river a lot during the night. At the small town of Lymen, about four miles up river from Mount Vernon, there was a place where the town dumped sewage into the river. We were not allowed to take on water anywhere near there until we passed that place.

To dip water from the river for cooking, I had a twelve quart bucket with a rope on it. I’ll never forget the first time I dipped water. We were going up river, I dropped the bucket over the side of the boat, and before you could wink your eye, that rope was jerked out of my hand. The bucket went out of sight down river faster than I had ever saw anything go before! I simply didn’t realise how powerful the pull of the water would be. It’s a darn good thing for me that I didn’t have that rope wrapped around my arm, I think it would have jerked my arm right out of the socket!

I told the captain, Charles Elwell, “I just lost the only water bucket we have. I dropped it over the side and the current took it down stream.”

The captain just laughed. “I meant to tell you about that. You have to dip very quick. It’s best to get a little at a time and dip more often.” Then he told me where to find another bucket.

It was my job to see that groceries were kept on hand at all times. I did all the buying. I had to cut the firewood for the cook stove, and see that plenty of wood was on deck at all times. Groceries were bought at Chinns Grocery in Mount Vernon. There was no limit to what I could buy at that store.

There was no refrigeration on the boat, so fresh meats had to be purchased a small amount at a time. We did have a small ice box, I used to keep some meats longer when we had the ice, but we didn’t have ice very often.

Hot cakes, bacon, and eggs were generally served for the morning meal. I bought prepared hot cake flour, so I seldom stirred them from scratch. There was always coffee. For the noon meal, I’d have boiled potatoes, with a flour gravy. Quite often fried pork steak. Some times I would make the gravy out of the juices from the fried steaks. Meat gravy was good for a change. I served baked beans now and then. Scalloped potatoes with canned corn and hot biscuits made up a fine meal.

Quite often the millionaire owner of the ship towing company would come aboard to have a meal with the crew. He generally had a compliment for me, he said, “The crew on this tug feeds better than I do at home!”

I told him, “Mr. Parker, you have a good crew here, this is hard work, if you want a hard job done well, the crew must eat well!”

“Well said my boy, you are doing just fine, keep up the good work!”

There is a place in the Skagit River, just below what is known as “The Dells” where a great boil raised about two feet above the rest of the river. This spot always puzzeled me. But I do know that when the fifty foot tug boat went through this abrupt raise, it seemed to viberate all over, slowing down to a very near stop. This boil is probably thirty feet across and the current has great power at this point. The old captain claimed that an underground river entered into the channel at that place.

Some of the long trips across the Puget Sound were very interesting. On one trip, a terrific storm had came upon us. The waves were six feet high. They splashed over the bow, running down the gunnels like small rivers. Pots and pans toppeled from their perches. The tug bounced around like a large cork on the sea. The captain tried to steer the boat according to his compass. There was no way possible to tell anything by looking. I was scared speachless.

All my firewood was washed overboard during the storm. All I had left was a small bundle by the stove. And that was scattered all over the galley. I’ll never know how we managed to get to the mouth of the river and out of the storm into the calmer river waters. What a wonderful relief. While the galley was a mess, our decks got a good washing if nothing else.

Another time we were coming back from a port across the Sound. It was late at night. The Sound was as smooth as a woman’s breast. I opened the galley door to view the weather outside past the gunnels, filled with herring.

As the boat made way, water splashed over the the bow. Thinking they were herring, I called to the deck hand, “Herby, come look at the herring!”

Herby was asleep on his bunk. When he saw the splashing water before us, he said, “Hell man, those are not herring! They are salt water smelt! Get me a pan and I’ll get you a mess of these in no time. They are the best eating fish you ever tasted!”

Since I didn’t know much about salt water fish, he gave me instructions while he caught the fish. “They are so easy to clean, just roll ’em in flour and fry ’em in a hot skillet, along with hot cakes. You never tasted any-thing better!”

“But what about the fish guts? Don’t you have to clean ’em?”

“Hell no! You take the guts out after you get ’em on your plate. They don’t have but very little guts anyway!”

He caught a large pan full, much more than we could eat. Thousands of them slithered past the galley door. We could have had several hundred pounds of them had we wanted.

That morning we had hot cakes and fried smelt. They were delicious, but the old captain refused to eat even one.

“You couldn’t pay me to eat any of those little things that were cooked with their guts inside!” He had bacon and eggs with his hot cakes. I tried to show the captain how small the insides of the fish were, but the old boy nearly threw up, so I gave up trying. Herby and I ate what we could the rest of them went over-board.

Quite often we would have to weigh anchor and wait for the tide to change. Sometimes it would take several hours. During these waiting periods, Herby and I would take the skiff and head for the clam beds. This always tickled the captain. I think he could eat clams three times a day if he could. It didn’t take long to gather all the clams we could handle. In those days clams were plentiful. I made clam patties, fried clams, and clam chowder. Clam patties went well with hot cakes in the morning. For patties, I ground about fourteen large clams, then added three eggs, mixed with cracker crumbs, and fried in an iron skillet, none of these were ever thrown out, they were all consumed.

I didn’t have to bake bread, pies, or cookies. However, I did bake meat loaves, salmon loaves, and potatoes. No one seemed to care much for sweet stuff. The old captain always said, “Meat and potatoes, the fat of the land. If you can’t eat it, you can starve and be damned!”

I think he lived by that rule. I never argued with the captain.


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The Mysteries and Joys of the Family Cookbook

NPR Radio’s “Kitchen Window” series featured “Dog-Eared Cookbook Relays Mother-in-Law’s Love” recently, a wonderful radio essay about how the life of a mother continues after her death due to the heritage left behind in a cookbook.

A few days after Jan died, we went through her possessions, and there was her go-to cookbook, stained and dog-eared. The book is called Our Favorites … with Cocktails and Coffee. The spiral-bound book contains recipes from women in the Hadassah chapter she belonged to. It appears to have been printed in 1980, but it’s redolent of the 1950s, when many of the women would have been raising families and cooking dinner every night.

I felt as if I’d found the Holy Grail. The cookbook has a recipe for mandel bread — Yiddish for “almond bread.” That’s the Jewish version of biscotti, a twice-baked cookie named for the almonds mixed into the batter. I also found recipes for Jan’s excellent poppy seed cookies and her moist, flavorful honey cake. On Rosh Hashana, it is customary to eat sweets, particularly those made with honey, to symbolize the sweetness of the new year.

Just like researching your family’s history, going through cookbooks to discover the truth behind the family recipes is just as much a mystery to be solved as finding the last name of the woman who married your great-grandfather’s uncle.

The book is filled with notes in her Palmer-perfect handwriting, as well as alternate versions of recipes on slips of paper. But which version did she prefer? I had other questions: “Why did you change the oil quantity from one cup to half a cup in the mandel bread?” (Probably she’d answer, “Who needs all that oil?”) Why did you write “wash and drain” on the poppy seed recipe, then cross the words out? And then there were the missing elements — like a pan size for the honey cake. She most likely had a cake pan she’d always use, but that sure didn’t help me.

Through trial and error, and by consulting with other cooks, I solved some of the mysteries.

My father’s stepmother left behind only one cookbook that my father swears she adored and cooked plenty from. Yet as I turned the pages of the old club membership cookbook, I found not one bit of oil, flour, or even a turned down corner. Memories came rushing back as I recalled eating in restaurants and bringing food on our visits, or time spent outside eating the fruit off the cherry, apple, and plum trees that filled the yard. We had hamburgers and picnic food on our summer visits. Not “real food”. The cookies and treats she brought out for us kids was always dried store bought snacks, not a home cooked anything in site. I don’t recall ever seeing her cook and her kitchen always looked like the fanciest thing she ever prepared was coffee.

The story her cookbook tells is one of no cooking, but a purchase to support a local community group.

My husband’s grandmother, however, left behind a treasury of her favorite recipes. And just like Jan’s family, her daughter and two granddaughters are desperately trying to recreate their favorite dishes of hers, but something is missing. They keep at it, hoping to find whatever missing ingredient is missing, wanting to pass down the meals of their memories from grandmother’s grease stained, flour covered, dog-eared cookbooks.

A family cookbook is a treasure and well as a treasure hunt. Think about your own favorite cookbooks and the notes you leave within them that will be discovered after you’ve gone by your family, trying to recreate the magic you brought to the table. What kind of mystery are you leaving behind for them to solve? And what will they learn about you through the recipes you left behind?


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Lost On The Sand Plains and Woods Of Wisconsin

Lost On The Sand Plains and Woods Of Wisconsin

The following is another story by Robert F. Knapp (1913-1994) about his childhood growing up in Marinette County in the northeastern corner of Wisconsin, in the logging camp town of Taylor Rapids, just south of Goodman. The events in this story happened circa 1925.


In Marinette County, Wisconsin, there are hundred of acres of sand plains. The only trees that grow there are Stunted Oaks, Jack-pines, with a scattering Norway pines here and there. The rolling hills all look very much alike. Sweet ferns grow, and prosper well, on the dry uncultivated soil. Pony grass, that seldom got over a few inches high covered much of the plains. Cranberry and blueberry marches were scattered here and there. Some small timber grew in those marshes. Scrubby cedars, and tamarack seemed to be the only trees of any size. A great country for bear, deer, and wolves. Bear enjoyed the blueberries in the fall. Deer got fat on the pony grass, and were able to hide in the cedar swamps.

Our school teacher, who was a great hunter, had killed a deer close to one of these swamps. It was too heavy for him to drag out by himself, so he got my younger brother and I to go with him. We were to help pull the deer out to his car. We had left the car about two miles from where the deer had been killed. There was no road way in to where the animal had been shot.

It was late afternoon when we left home to go after the deer. Neither my brother Wayne nor I had very much love for the teacher. He was very over-bearing, and difficult to get along with, but as he was married to our sister, so we just about had to do as he said. We had quite a hard time to find where the deer was. The teacher himself wasn’t sure.

After the two mile trip across the hills, and the time we spent trying to locate the animal, it got very late. We must have spent a good hour before we finally found what we were looking for. It was a big buck, weighing over two hundred pounds.

It was just about dark when we started for the car with the deer. Every hill looked alike, and after dark we were really in trouble.

Woods near the Knapp homestead, Taylor Rapids, Marinette County, Wisconsin, copyright Lorelle VanFossen 2006Wolves had found where he had bled the animal. They were raising quite a racket. We didn’t know what time they may take our scent and follow to where we had dragged our find. Wayne was usually much better than I at keeping track of where we were. I told him I was lost, then he admitted that he also wasn’t too sure of where we were. The teacher yelled, “What’s the matter with you fellows, don’t you know which way to go?”

We told him if he knew so much about directions, why didn’t he take the lead. He stumbled behind us, trying to hurry us along. We had all we could do to pull that heavy animal. Finally we topped a small hill, and found a car in the distance with its parking lights on.

Sadly, while it was good, it was also bad! We figured it was a game warden waiting for us to show up! Oh, boy, we would be in serious trouble. We had no idea of who it was. We didn’t know what to do, or which way to turn. The deer was getting heavier at every step. We were just about played out. We were desperate and the teacher kept telling us that his car was in another direction, away from the parking lights, glowing in the dark woods. This really had us mixed up.

“You kids have lived here all your lives. You ought to know this country better than to get lost!”

Little Wayne spoke right up to him, “You are the one that is lost! If you’d let us alone we’d get out of this mess, but you keep telling us were going the wrong way!”

At that he cussed at us, saying that what we both needed was a good paddling!

Finally in desperation and afraid of the wolves in the dark, we headed straight toward the car lights. The teacher wanted to yell at us, but he was afraid the folks at the car would hear. As we were going downhill we could make pretty good time. By now it was about ten o’clock in the evening. Darkness had fallen some time back. We didn’t want to get stuck out there in those wolf infested sand plains any longer than was absolutely necessary. No matter who was at that car, we intended to go there regardless. We were scared.

When we got to the car, we were happy to find that it was the teacher’s car and the old boy had left his parking lights on. He didn’t even remember doing that! We were two very tired and happy kids. No game warden in sight. What a bunch of worrying for nuthing. We loaded up the deer into the car and returned home about midnight, glad to be out of the woods, away from the wolves, and back home, safe and sound.


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Genealogy Research With Google Book Search

Google Book Search offers a way to help genealogists find online books and information to aid in their family history research.

If you choose to search All books you will be given a list of all books within Google’s book database, most of which only allow a limited view, that is a look at the first few pages or a chapter of the inside of the book.

If you change your search preference to Full view books, only books which give you full access to read their contents will be shown in the search results.

I entered in a full view book search for Genealogy to see what the results would turn out to be. I found some wonderful surprises.

The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage: With Brief Sketches of the Family Histories of the Nobility is a 26 megabyte free downloadable PDF file that you can read with any PDF reader like Adobe Acrobat Reader or Fox It PDF Reader for Firefox. Or you can read it online through the Google built-in page viewer. The over 400 page book covers extensive information on British nobility by Edmund Lodge written in 1832.

Genealogy of the Descendants of Nathaniel Clarke of Newbury, Mass is another PDF file featuring 120 pages on the Clarke family of Massachusetts.

I also found The Works of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin and Jared Sparks (1840) which includes the origin and genealogy of his family, the Genealogy of the Child, Childs and Childe Families, of the Past and Present in the United States by Elias Child (1881) which contains information on the West family that might be relatives, The Clapp Memorial: Record of the Clapp Family in America by Ebenezer Clapp (1876), Letters and Papers of Governor John Henry of Maryland: Member of Continental Congress 1777-1788, and a very interesting Surname Book and Racial History: A Compilation and Arrangement of Genealogical and Historical by the Mormon Church published in 1918 documenting their research into the history of names from the Old Testament through to the present, including a chapter on the “Evolution of Surnames”.

I then started digging through Google Book Search for information on my own family history. For the Elwell family, I found a few possibilities, especially about the Elwell family in Maine, before some migrated west to pre-state Washington state to marry into the family of Chief Seattle and my family.

I found a few possibilities with the Anderson family in Norway, but most of that involves the history of immigration from Norway and Norway mythology, though I have some new information to dig through.

I also found a few reference that might help me with the Knapp and one possibility for the West family in the book on the genealogy of the Child Families, though searching for “west” in any search engine leads in a lot of directions but not always towards a last name.

Give Google Book Search a try and see what information you might dig up on your family. And if you are looking for more current books, this is another method to take a peek before you buy.

On a similar note, Google Scholar Search searches a database collection of scientific and research papers available online, and searching for “genealogy” turned up some fascinating articles and research information on DNA research and development, as well as genealogy research and history in general.


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A Walk Through The History of Time

A Walk Through Time is an NIST Physics Laboratory site that examines the history of time and keeping track of time across history.

As I go back farther and farther into my family’s history, especially with the connections made deep into the past through DNA testing, I start thinking more about how our ancestors lived their lives, worked their work, and fed their families. Time and dates played important roles in their daily activities, therefore, understanding how different cultures kept track of time helps me learn more about their lives.

In the Ancient Calendars section, the site talks about the basis for calendars used by different societies and cultures:

We know little about the details of timekeeping in prehistoric eras, but wherever we turn up records and artifacts, we usually discover that in every culture, some people were preoccupied with measuring and recording the passage of time. Ice-age hunters in Europe over 20,000 years ago scratched lines and gouged holes in sticks and bones, possibly counting the days between phases of the moon. Five thousand years ago, Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley in today’s Iraq had a calendar that divided the year into 30 day months, divided the day into 12 periods (each corresponding to 2 of our hours), and divided these periods into 30 parts (each like 4 of our minutes). We have no written records of Stonehenge, built over 4000 years ago in England, but its alignments show its purposes apparently included the determination of seasonal or celestial events, such as lunar eclipses, solstices and so on.

The earliest Egyptian calendar was based on the moon’s cycles, but later the Egyptians realized that the “Dog Star” in Canis Major, which we call Sirius, rose next to the sun every 365 days, about when the annual inundation of the Nile began. Based on this knowledge, they devised a 365 day calendar that seems to have begun around 3100 BCE (Before the Common Era), which thus seems to be one of the earliest years recorded in history.

The Early Clocks section examines how time was kept before mechanisms were created to track time:

As best we know, 5000 to 6000 years ago great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa began to make clocks to augment their calendars. With their attendant bureaucracies, formal religions, and other burgeoning societal activities, these cultures apparently found a need to organize their time more efficiently.

…the Egyptians were apparently the next to formally divide their day into parts something like our hours. Obelisks (slender, tapering, four-sided monuments) were built as early as 3500 BCE. Their moving shadows formed a kind of sundial, enabling people to partition the day into morning and afternoon.

…Another Egyptian shadow clock or sundial, possibly the first portable timepiece, came into use around 1500 BCE. This device divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two “twilight hours” in the morning and evening.

…The “merkhet”, the oldest known astronomical tool, was an Egyptian development of around 600 BCE. A pair of merkhets was used to establish a north-south line (or meridian) by aligning them with the Pole Star. They could then be used to mark off nighttime hours by determining when certain other stars crossed the meridian.

Today, keeping time is definitely moved past sundials. The NIST maintains time across the United States and has since the early 1920s with powerful radio towers which have now been upgraded to satellite and GPS technology.

Time signals are an important byproduct of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and indeed this has become the premier satellite source for time signals. The time scale operated by the USNO serves as reference for GPS, but it is important to note that the time scales of NIST and USNO are highly coordinated (that is, synchronized to well within 100 nanoseconds, or 100 billionths of a second). Thus, signals provided by either NIST or USNO can be considered as traceable to both institutions. The agreements and coordination of time between these two institutions are important to the country, since they simplify the process of achieving legal traceability when regulations require it.

Official US Government time is provided by NIST and USNO and is also available online from http://www.time.gov, the Internet Time Service (ITS), and the Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS) which allows automatically setting of clocks through computers and other programmable devices.

Here are a few other links to help you understand how time worked throughout history, as well as how to calculate dates and time across history:


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Wisconsin Family History Detectives Flock to Marinette County

Wisconsin Family History Detectives Flock to Marinette County

The Marinette Times of Marinette County, Wisconsin, has an interesting article on “Quests for family roots draw history detectives to Marinette”, a county important to my own family’s history.

It was five years ago in April that the new genealogy branch of the Washington County Public Library opened its research facility in a restored, single-story brick building at 418 Washington St. Since that time, hundreds of people visit each month from all over the United States and beyond all seeking historical information of their own family lineage or information on local history.

When history pertains to a person’s own ancestor (whom you now know by name after research), history suddenly comes alive, relevant and more important, said Ernest Thode, manager of the local history and genealogy branch.

“There are more statistics showing that a large percentage of people are somewhat interested in their family history,” Thode said Monday. “Sometimes a change, when the last parent dies or a person retires, will trigger a serious pursuit. Growth of the Internet at home has increased interest.”

Experts agree that the Internet can provide awesome information, but not all. What makes the big difference is a place, a destination like Marinette’s genealogy library to either begin or pursue the passion.

In our family, the lived in Taylor Rapids in Marinette County in Wisconsin, as part of the logging communities around Goodman. We visited the Washington County Public Library in Marinette and found a small but excellent resource and information there, along with very helpful and qualified staff. They are working on building a new library, and I’m sure that the genealogy and local history areas will expand.


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Google Offers Historical Newspaper and Archive Searches

Google now offers timeline listings of Google News Archive Search. This is a great way of searching historical newspapers and documents for your mention of your ancestors.

Many of those search results currently come from NewspaperARCHIVE.com.

Your Portal to the Past, NewspaperARCHIVE.com, is the single largest historical newspaper database online, containing more newspaper pages from 1759 to present than any other service.

Every newspaper in the archive is fully searchable by keyword and date, making it easier for you to quickly explore historical content. From Abraham Lincoln to UFOs – if it ever made the news, you can find it here.

NewspaperARCHIVE.com is adding newspaper pages faster than you can search them – with one newspaper page added every second – that’s over 80,000 images a day, or about 2.5 million pages per month!

NewspaperARCHIVE.com is a great way to search historical newspapers for mentions of your ancestors. While the archive is only open to registered members, public libraries and K-12 schools, searching through Google bypasses registration, though in a very limited way.

Click on a Google News Archive search results’ link and you are taken to NewspaperARCHIVES.com and shown in an inline form of the newspaper text on the page. It’s hard to read and features a very rough OCR (Optical Character Recognition) version of the newspaper text, along with a thumbnail image of the page.

If you have trouble reading it, I recommend you click inside of the inline form, select all the text (Ctrl+A) and copy it (Ctrl+C) and paste it into your text editor or word processor and scale it to a readable font size.

The OCR isn’t always very good. This is one example I found:

CANDIDATE FOR OFFICE IS SPEAKER Man Loses Week’s J Wages On The Way J To Pay Landlady Fred Zimmerman Flays “Madison Ring” In Address Here DISCUSSES TAXES i-o provinces in which V “-tva’ion with a gov- a’.rer ;.ml engineer. The .j P 1 and appoints his r service rules. v.il has an i-v’T iunise of Filipinos is appointed “cv of the United v ff-governor and sec- lilu- instruction also…

A lot of proofing and editing is still required of the OCR documents, so you may have to look closely at the graphic image of the newspaper to identify the missing words.

Google’s new News Archive Timeline search isn’t limited to newspapers. I found legal documents, and many other resources. The search results are arranged by year. Click on the year and you will see the search results within that time period.

I recommend grouping names together in quotes in the search box such as “Wayne Knapp” to limit the search to only those words and not every document with “wayne” and every document with “knapp”.

What I wish the Google News Archive Search would include in their search results is the location of the newspaper. The results indicate the title of the newspaper or document source, which gives clues as to location if you recognize the name of the town, region, or newspaper, but I’d like to see “Oakland Tribune in Oakland, California” as part of the search results.

This is a fascinating new method of searching online historical documents and may help with your ancestor research.


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Ordnance Survey: Online Maps of England and the United Kingdom

UK Ordnance Survey is the national mapping agency of Great Britain. It hosts a ton of geographic information about the UK including maps, educational material, and games.

If you have an ancestor who came from or lives in Britain, you may find map material to help you trace them on the UK Ordnance Survey. For the most part, the mapping information is free and current, rather than historical. You may have to jump through a few free registration hoops to access the free maps. More extensive maps and resources are available for a fee.


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Writing Family Reunion Letters

Dana Huff has a great post on writing “Family Reunion Letters” as part of your family reunion plans.

Once you have collected as many addresses as possible, send copies of the family group sheet chart to each family. Ask that they send these back to you, so you will have accurate genealogical information.

…If you do not receive replies from some families, you might need to contact them again. I personally would not become a pest…Try to exhaust other alternatives — such as contacting other family members you think might have the information. If, for instance, I couldn’t remember my cousin’s daughter’s middle name, and she did not reply with a completed family group sheet, I could try my aunt, who would most likely know the middle name of her granddaughter and would probably reply to my letter.

A reunion letter may be the only reminder many people get that they are part of a family, a family that wants to get to know them and cares about them and their history, as well as their future.

Make that letter clear, concise, but also caring, as you attempt to include them, whether or not they show up, in the family.


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Mapping Medieval Towns with New Technology

ADS Arch Search’s “Mapping Medieval Townscapes: A Digital Atlas Of The New Towns Of Edward I” uses mapping technology to create a map of how Wales and England looked under the reign of King Edward I:

Using mapping as a medium, the project examined how urban landscapes were shaped in the middle ages, the project furthers an understanding of the forms and formation of medieval towns. It is the first project to have used spatial technologies – Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) – as a basis for mapping and analysing medieval urban landscapes. The project team was Dr Keith Lilley (director), Dr Chris Lloyd (co-director), and Dr Steven Trick (researcher) and the research was conducted at Queen’s University Belfast.

The project focused on a group of ‘new towns’ situated in Wales and England and established in the reign of King Edward I. The towns were all founded between 1277 and 1303. The project looked at thirteen of them in detail: Aberystwyth, Beaumaris, Caernarfon, Caerwys, Conwy, Cricieth, Flint, Harlech, Holt, Newborough, Overton, Rhuddlan, and Winchelsea.

The project’s aims were to: firstly, characterise the urban forms of Edward’s new towns; secondly, establish their original layout and design; thirdly identify common aspects of their design; fourthly, examine the agents and the decision-making processes involved in their formation. The project also had as one of its main aims the creation of an interactive, digital historic towns atlas made available to a broad audience to disseminate awareness and knowledge of medieval towns in general, and stimulate interest in Edward I’s new towns in particular.

To view the pages, Javascript must be enabled, but it’s worth it to get a glimpse of what the communities around Wales and England may have looked like during your ancestor’s time.

ADS ARCH Search Mapping Medieval Townscapes example mapI took a look at the new town of Aberystwyth’s Interactive Map and found that I could easily change different aspects shown on the map, but I had trouble zooming in for a closer look. While the interactive maps are supposed to work with Firefox, I had to to switch to IE to make them work.

Still, it’s a very interesting tool and may help you in your family history research to get a feel for a place in history. I expect more historical mapping services to begin to appear on the web soon.


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