MemoryArchive: Preserving Our Memories Online

MemoryArchive is an interesting wiki, a form of Wikipedia for memories.

Calling itself “the encyclopedia of memories”, it currently features over 600 memoirs about a variety of events, people, places, things, years, recovery, life in general.

There are memoirs and stories about a wide range of topics from recent history to a history long past. As a wiki, anyone can contribute as long as they follow the guidelines for submitting a memoir.

For me, the MemoryArchive gave me the chance to examine events from my more recent ancestor’s past. Carter Jefferson’s story of the streetcars of the 1930s caught my attention. The family I know of from that time period lived far out in the country where travel by horse and wagon was still more common than the occasional car. Longer distances were covered with trains, and occasionally those trains took them into larger towns where there were streetcars.

Still, Jefferson’s words range true to my family’s history when he described:

Thanks to the automobile manufacturers, few residents of the United States today know that before World War II most people traveled all over their cities comfortably without polluting much of anything. The vast majority of them didn’t even own automobiles. We walked a little more, but nobody could have imagined the kind of traffic snarls that exist today. When we wanted to go somewhere that was too far to walk, we “took the streetcar.” Are we better off now?

Back in the 1930s, there were no suburbs, in the modern sense of the word, in small cities; there were what we called “residential areas,” which usually meant a few blocks of houses with only a small grocery store and a pharmacy in the neighborhood.

He goes on to talk of taking a streetcar to see a movie, making the event even more special. In the Knapp Family Journal 1916-1924: Chronological Version, Emma Knapp writes of her extended stay in Green Bay, Wisconsin, with her sister, Myrtle Primley, and other friends and family. She describes their walks to the “show” very simply, but you can feel the importance of these adventures as the rest of the journal is clearly more humble, living out in the wilderness surrounded by logging camps in Northern Wisconsin. While it doesn’t mention streetcars, Jefferson’s story of his lifestyle in the “big city” of Dallas, Texas, gives me a glimpse of what Emma’s adventures in Green Bay must have been like, with the excitement of the city, buildings, traffic, and “modern” transportation.

World War II played very important roles in my family’s lives, impacting their lifestyle, jobs, and life choices. World War Two in 1940 by George Kotsonis helped me better understand what it was like as a child when the war began, filled with a lot of unknowns and mysteries that would later become common knowledge and language, the language of war.

Very early in the morning on October 28, 1940, I was woke up by an unusual commotion in my house. My father and my mother had a very animated discussion or maybe an argument. I was then three and one half years old and I could not quite follow their discussion, but every so often I picked up the words “war” and “general mobilization”. I started crying mainly because I got scared and I wanted to attract their attention. October 28th of 1940 was the faithful day when Mussolini invaded Greece as a first step to re-establish the ancient Roman Empire, and Greece entered the Second World War.

At first I had no idea what “general mobilization” meant, but the next few days I got a pretty good idea of the meaning when I saw train after train moving out of the railway station full of men and soldiers. Then I noticed a lot of my relatives, family friends, neighbors were gone and my home town became a ghost town. The Greek flags were flying all over the town, and the public radio stations were blasting military march music; that gave me the idea that “war” was an occasion to celebrate. I didn’t realize then, that faithful day of October 28th was the beginning of an eight year war that brought upon us untold sufferings and total destruction of my country in material, social, and moral terms. The first four years I lived under a brutal German occupation, followed by an even more brutal civil war between the communists and the nationalists.

The Germans did a pretty good job in introducing me to fear, terror, hunger, and untold atrocities. They degraded human beings to lower level than animals. The civil war was the same maybe even worse, because Greeks were killing Greeks, brother against brother.

October 28th marked the loss of my childhood: at three and one half years old I lost my child’s innocence and began an abnormal and premature maturity. The learning environment was grossly distorted by the atrocious and immoral behavior of the “Germanic Superior Race” and made it very difficult or rather impossible for me to be able to distinguish right from wrong and in general moral values. Total confusion and insecurity gave way to the instinct of self preservation.

…In their opening act in the Greek drama the Germans gathered and stole all foodstuffs they could find in Greece to feed the German army. This act created the famous famine of 1941 that spread out all over Greece and especially in the urban areas. Thousands died of starvation especially in Athens where the garbage cars in some cases were picking up dead bodies from the streets. When I complained to my mother that I was hungry, she used to say “wet your finger with saliva, dip it in the salt, and eat it”. I am not quite sure whether that recipe worked out as intended, honestly I don’t remember.

Some of the stories in the MemoryArchive are simple, a couple of paragraphs which recall a moment in a person’s life. While the writer might be 60 or 70 years old, their stories just beg to be told, so they are sometimes simplistic and childlike, yet lovely in their naive writing style. Others stories in the MemoryArchive are beautifully written, fully fleshed out stories that grab your interest and pull you back in time to relive and experience the past through someone else’s eyes and perspective.

What a treasure.


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University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Area Research Center

The University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Area Research Center, known as the ARC, was incredibly helpful to us during our stay in Green Bay, researching our Anderson and Knapp family tree.

The ARC has very limited public access hours.

Monday 12:30 – 4:30 PM
Tuesday and Wednesday 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM
Thursday 12:30 PM – 5:00 PM and 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM
Friday 9:00 AM – 1:00 PM

Hours are subject to change, holidays, and school sessions.

The Green Bay ARC houses many public and government documents and records for Northeastern Wisconsin counties. Specifically they are:

  • Brown
  • Calumet
  • Door
  • Florence
  • Kewaunee
  • Manitowoc
  • Marinette
  • Menominee
  • Oconto
  • Outagamie
  • Shawano

Record types include birth, death, and marriage records, divorces, citizenship (letters of Intent and Naturalization records), probate, court records, public and open criminal records, land records, maps, newspapers, photographs, correspondence, business records, books, census records (federal and Wisconsin), and so much more.

They have a lot of Belgian and Norwegian records, though their Belgian-American research materials are definitely more extensive. They also host a lot of books and printed matter related to the history of the area and immigrant stories.

They provide microfilm viewing, printing, and photocopying of most records by the individual or with an assistant’s help. The staff is exceptionally knowledgeable and very helpful.

The Green Bay ARC is located in the Cofrin Library on the University of Wisconsin at Green Bay campus, near the Weidner Center for the Performing Arts. Parking is by permit, and the Weidner Center is the closest parking lot we found.

Contact information is at:

Area Research Center – Cofrin Library
UW-Green Bay
2420 Nicolet Drive
Green Bay, WI 54311-7001
920-465-2539


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How Long Between Immigration and Naturalization in the US?

According to the Federal Naturalization Act of 1802, three years of residency were required before someone could file for a Declaration of Intent to become a citizen of the United States. The Federal Naturalization Act of 1824 reduced the time between filing a Declaration of Intent and Naturalization from three to two years.

But these numbers are arbitrary. Some filed and received their naturalization within a few years, for others it took much longer.

Many filed their Intent in one state and then finalized their application for naturalization in another state, complicating the process as paperwork had to be exchanged across distances for verification. Some had to await court dates, and courts were often backed up. Others had to travel great distances from where they settled to the largest town, county seat, or state capital to do the paperwork, get interviewed, and make court appearances. Because travel was often expensive or intensive, much time passed between Intent and final naturalization.

Some file their Intent but never finalized their naturalization, sometimes hiding from authorities, so their descendants would never know, until they went looking for records. Records get lost or destroyed, so how can you really prove it 100 years later?

For Andreas (Andrias) Anderson, my first Norwegian ancestor who arrived in 1851, filed his Declaration for Intent in 1852. It was finalized in 1871, nineteen years later. Standing in the University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Area Research Center Archives holding the original naturalization papers with his signature was an incredible experience for my mother and I. Signed over 125 years ago, the fragile paper still exists, a record of our ancestor’s existence, too.


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Memorial Inscriptions, Parish, and Church Records Help Trace Family Roots

“Why are memorial inscriptions (MIs) important and what can they tell us that other records can’t?”, by 50Connect.co.uk, is an interesting look at parish registers and church records that can help you trace your family’s roots.

For family historians, MIs are most valuable in establishing family relationships, particularly for the period before the mid-nineteenth century, when there was no civil registration of births, marriages and deaths (this began in 1837) and no useful censuses (the first one with good records of individuals was that of 1841). Before this date, the most important source of information is that of the parish registers, and here you are in the hands of the incumbent of the period and place. Sometimes the registers give some indication of relationships, often none.

It includes some examples of parish registers and how to use the records to gleam some information about your relatives.


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They Wanted to Get Here in the Worst Way

In my research, I found a copy of a July 1972 article in the Milwaukee Journal called “They Wanted to Get here in the Worst Way – and Did” by Brian Dunning. I thought it might help me understand what it was like for my ancestors who arrived in the 1800s to the United States.

Things were not so easy a century or more ago. Migration through Liverpool was a special form of hell, tolerable only because of the better life to come. The miracle is that so many went ahead instead of turning back.

The migrants were generally illiterate, had never traveled before and were most gullible – and Liverpool took them for all they had.

…Crooked travel agents in Liverpool sold tickets or the journey beyond New York “at special bargain rates.” When the migrant got there he found that the tickets were phony.

…Migrants to Wisconsin were often routed via St. Louis – at twice the normal fare.

…most migrants had to travel cheap, in rotten boats manned by brutal crews, with food unfit for hogs and the strong likelihood that none of them would live to see the promised land.

The average ship out of Liverpool weighted a thousand tons, carried 750 passengers and took 35 days for the 2,900 mile crossing. When the migrant bought his ticket he imagined he had bought a berth, but all he got was a quarter – a fourth part of a berth six feet square.

…Between 1847 and 1853 – the busiest years for Liverpool emigration – 59 ships were lost at sea with 18,000 passengers. When vessels foundered in mid-Atlantic, rescue rarely came.

Before the Civil War, most migrants headed for New York. But thousands headed for Wisconsin. The English, Irish, Scots and Welsh usually made their way first to Canada because the British government insured slightly cheaper passengers than the New York route…from Canada these British migrants drifted through the Great Lakes and disembarked on the Wisconsin shoreline. For them, New York and the East was unknown territory; they never saw it on the way over and rarely experienced the grim conditions of the New York route.

…But Scandinavian settlers had a tougher experience. They were not eligible for government help in Canada and therefore took the New York route, with all the hazards it involved. Speaking little English, they were fleeced first at Hull, when they reached England, then at Liverpool – and finally picked clean in New York.

But the urge to reach Wisconsin never flagged. In the summer of 1855, the stated destination for nearly 5,000 migrants passing through Liverpool was Wisconsin – second only to New York. For Minnesota, the figure was 127, and for distant Oregon, one.

For my Norwegian Anderson family, the passage from their home to New York or elsewhere was a rocky one, with people out to pick them clean at every turn. Yet, as the article states, their determination to cross the ocean to a foreign land was strong and they kept on going.

The question I’m still puzzling over is why Wisconsin. Was there a campaign to encourage settlement? Were there stories of cheap land? Did their churches reach out with an invitation or was it the thrill and risk of the wilderness? Were conditions back home so horrible and pitiful that risking their lives in a new land was better than coping with what they lived with daily? Or were the ones who arrived earlier and settled there calling back home begging family and neighbors to leave their own homes to come to this strange new wilderness?

From Wisconsin, many Norwegians and others traveled on within a few years to the newly formed Dakotas, but many returned to Wisconsin, often broke and broken. Why? I’m still seeking answers.

In another article I found from “The Ensign” in July of 1991, “Sail to Zion”, it tells me a little more about the struggles of the immigrants crossing the Atlantic, and their determination to survive. The story highlights specific voyages made by members of the Latter-Day Saints to America:

..during the crossing, measles, chicken pox, and other ailments claimed 48 lives (43 of the children), or 11 percent of the company. Mortality was especially high among children.

In Liverpool, the Merseyside Maritime Museum has a mock-up of steerage quarters. It is a confined area with tiered bunks ranged along each side. A ladder or steep stairs provided the only exit, and during storms, the quarters were “hatched down” to prevent water from flooding the hold. The only light came from a few lamps hanging in strategic locations and shedding a dim yellow glow. The only sanitary facilities were buckets or chamber pots. Some later packets had water closets build on the main deck, but during severe storms – sometimes lasting for days – steerage passengers were hatched down and could not get to the deck. It is easy to imagine the resulting chaos and stench.

…Overcrowding compounded the misery of seasickness, dysentery, cholera, and other diseases. Many emigrant companies exceeded five hundred passengers. Between decks, these men, women, and children huddled together in a heaving, rocking craft, suffering in body and spirit. Even under the best conditions and disciplines, the situation created a fertile environment for the spread of disease.

Living in Israel for five years, a new immigrant rich country, I caught some glimpses of what it must have been like for the newly arrived immigrants in American and Canada, struggling to survive and care for their families while coping with a language and customs they are completely unfamiliar with. But the horrors of the immigration route amazes me.

People all over the world continue to face horrific terrors, victimization, and rigors to escape their native lands to get anywhere. They wanted to get here, anywhere away from there, in the worst way, and they did, and they still do today.


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Primary versus Secondary Sources: Research Until You Think It’s Right

Dana Huff writes about “Primary Sources Versus Secondary Sources” in an interesting educational post.

If you have been researching your family history, you may have run into the classic pitfall. Primary sources can be expensive to obtain and difficult to find. Logic tells us that getting hold of eyewitness accounts when possible is best, but that might involve costly trips and sending away for copies of records and archives that can quickly put a dent in your budget. In some cases, primary sources are not saved or their whereabouts are unknown. Secondary sources are generally more available, but might not always be reliable.

It should be noted that primary sources may not always be correct. Eyewitnesses do not always describe things accurately (or without bias). Spelling errors are common…

Secondary sources are often good, but must be carefully weighed. When I first started working with genealogy online, I was amazed at the plethora of evidence available. I was transported into paroxysms of delight when I found the LDS site and began clicking through those Ancestry Pedigrees.

A word of caution: Sometimes genealogists do not take care to be thorough in their research. I have found countless errors on that site. For example, the site lists mythological Norse gods as the forebears of early English royalty. No doubt those were really taken from a book, but common sense would tell us a chronicler referring to his king as a descendant of the gods is not to be taken seriously. Yet, someone had that in his or her family record or it wouldn’t be in that pedigree file!

…You just can’t trust other genealogists to be thorough and accurate with their research. The best thing you can do if you run across a claim you believe to be dubious is research it yourself.

Well said. I’ve found many errors in online sites, even those who claim validity. Others have also found errors in my own information, leading me to research harder for evidence, and often finding it.

Researching your family’s history is a combination of fact finding, assumption, and assumptions of the facts in evidence until further proof is found.

What I’m also hunting for is information and step-by-step instructions on how to get information changed, especially in the LDS records, when I have the proof positive that the information they have is wrong. I’ve been told that once it is locked in their records, it is permanent and can’t be changed. That just doesn’t seem right. Does it?


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When is the Best Time to Preserve Family History? Now.

When is the best time to preserve your family’s history? Now.

A lovely example of why to protect your family’s history is found in the article, “Too much easily collectible family history is lost” from Payson Roundup:

We had a family reunion at my house the other day…Seeing all four of them together again for the first time in several decades gave me a lot of pleasure.

What didn’t give me pleasure, though, was something that happened — something minor but, I thought, meaningful.

Lolly and her sister and brothers got to talking about old times. One thing led to another and before I knew it I was digging out albums and boxes of old photographs for them. Watching them look at them and reminisce was good fun…Out of a box came a very old black and white photo.

“This is Mom,” Lolly’s younger brother said, “but I don’t recognize any of these other faces.”

…The only person they recognized was their mother. The picture got turned over and over, but there was nothing on the back, or written on its margins. There were five people in the photograph, four of them unknown faces, even though the context of the picture clearly showed that they were relatives or close friends of Lolly’s mother.

It got me thinking.

Yesterday, I bought some small labels. I’m going to stick them on the bottom of, or on the back of, some of the things in the house, things like hand-made pieces of furniture, pottery, paintings, and on the backs of some otherwise unlabeled photographs. Why? To record some small bits of history before they’re gone forever.

For example, right at the foot of the stairs leading down from the room where I’m writing this column stands a mahogany plant pedestal. It’s nothing spectacular, but I know some things about it that no one else knows. Here’s what I’m going to type on the label that I’m going to stick under its base: Turned out on a wood lathe in his sophomore year (1946) at Chapman Technical High School, New London, Conn. by Tom Garrett.

We are surrounded by family memorabilia, but who will know the meaning of these things in one, two, or twenty years.

I recently spent a few months with my mother back home. Having spent too long overseas and away from home, I delighted in seeing and touching things that brought back so many memories. A hand-blown glass owl I bought for her on my first trip to Italy, hand-carrying it back with care to add to her owl collection. She has now moved on to collecting miniature cats knickknacks when she travels, with one from every trip she’s taken in the past few years. Where she found them, though, I don’t know. This one looks like it might be Mexico, but the other one looks like it might have been from France, Austria, or Switzerland. How would I know?

My mother and I went through hundreds and hundreds of photographs as I helped her scan them into her computer to preserve them. She remembered some of the events in the photographs, even as a small child, as if they were taken yesterday. Others, she wasn’t even sure where they came from, though she could recognize some of the people.

Memories are fleeting, and it’s important to just make a small note, put a post-it note on the back of a picture or label it in some way with a name, place, and date, anything to help us remember who and where this is, especially once there is no one left to remember. Who will remember then?


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Ancestral Trails: The Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History

According to initial reviews, the newly updated book by Mark Herber, “Ancestral Trails: The Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History”, is bigger and better with the new and expanded edition. And it is also available in paperback.

“Ancestral Trails: The Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History” has also received The Library Association’s McColvin Medal for “an outstanding reference work” and is considered by many to be the “most comprehensive and up-to-date tool for ancestral research in the United Kingdom.”

With a huge number of English descendants in the United States, this is an invaluable reference for tracing your English family roots. There are historical records tracing more than 90 examples of British-American family record groups.

The book includes advice and guides for researching the often overwhelming British archives, and digging into various records such as personal recollections, photographs and other memorabilia to civil, legal and religious records, newspapers and directories. The book helps the beginner genealogist as well as is invaluable to the more advanced researcher.

Research guides are not exclusive to England, but cover the whole United Kingdom including Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. A CD is also included as well as more helpful Internet information and resources.

We’re still digging into our British family connections and this book might help us cross the sea more informed and prepared for our trip to England, searching for more of our family’s ancestors.


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Family Bibles Online

Family Bibles is a collection of family bibles posted by individuals from all over the United States and the world, offered by Ancestors at Rest.

Some recent family bibles include:

A major problem with Family Bibles is that there is no where to search the blog for your family names. The big search at the top is an advertisement which takes you offsite.

To search Family Bibles, go to Google and type in family name place site:http://familybibles.blogspot.com/. An example would be to search for the Smith family in New York would be smith new york site:http://familybibles.blogspot.com/.

I hope they add site search soon.

And if you have family bible records and digital photographs, this would be an interesting place to share the wealth of your family bible with others.


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Online Book: History of Door County, Wisconsin – The County Beautiful

Online Book: History of Door County, Wisconsin - The County Beautiful

Ancestry.com has released the book “History of Door County, Wisconsin – the county beautiful” by Hjalmar Rued Holand for their registered members. Published in 1917, the book includes biographies of local popular and influential citizens, the history of Door County, Wisconsin, its development, and the natural wonders of the area.

There is an online FTP index of the book at Rootsweb USGenWeb – History of Door County by Holand to help you find your ancestor mentioned.

I have the and family branches in Door County, an area I didn’t get time to explore during my recent visit, so I may find some information about them. At the least, I will learn more about the area in which they lived and worked.

You may be able to find copies of this book in your local library or Family History Center or through library exchange programs.


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